Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment that involves passing a small electric current through the brain to trigger a controlled seizure. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and with the use of muscle relaxants to minimize discomfort and prevent injury.

ECT is typically used to treat severe mental illnesses such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia that have not responded to other treatments. The exact mechanism by which ECT works is not fully understood, but it is believed to alter brain chemistry and promote the growth of new brain cells, leading to improvements in mood and other symptoms.

ECT is generally considered safe and effective when administered by trained medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are risks and potential side effects, including confusion, memory loss, and headaches. ECT is typically used as a last resort treatment option when other therapies have failed or when the patient’s condition is life-threatening.